LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1. Understand the role of cardiac catheterization and its limitation in estimation of stenotic valve area and assessment of severity of mitral regurgitation. 2. Know the critical technical procedural aspects of performing cardiac catheterization as it pertains to…
LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1. Understand the methodology of mitral annular segmentation by computed tomography (CT) prior to transcatheter mitral valve replacement. 2. Learn about CT reformats and reconstruction planes in the assessment of mitral valve pathology. 3. Conceptualize mitral annular dynamism…
LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1. Review how valvular regurgitation can be quantified with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. 2. Discuss the role of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging for mitral valve disease. 3. Review the advantages/disadvantages of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. INTRODUCTION Over the…
LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1. Understand the general principles and specific imaging techniques involved in screening for mitral transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (TEER). 2. Understand the imaging sequence and specific goals of intraprocedural imaging at each stage in TEER. 3. Recognize procedural complications…
LEARNING OBJECTIVES Transesophageal echocardiography is the imaging modality of choice to evaluate the mitral valve complex prior to transcatheter interventions A comprehensive assessment of the mitral valve for interventions includes defining the morphology, etiology, and severity of disease Quantifying mitral…
LEARNING OUTCOMES Comprehensively assess the mitral valve apparatus and the left ventricle to distinguish degenerative versus functional mitral regurgitation as they are different disease processes with different prognoses and different treatments. Evaluate the severity of mitral regurgitation using an integrated…
LEARNING OBJECTIVES Define anatomic components of the mitral valve apparatus Describe the etiology of two main types of mitral valve pathology, i.e., mitral stenosis and mitral regurgitation; their mechanistic effects on mitral valve leaflets and physical examination findings. THE MITRAL…
LEARNING OBJECTIVES To review treatment options and mitral valve recommendations from the 2020 ACC/AHA Guideline for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease and discuss differences compared to the 2021 European Society of Cardiology/European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (ESC/EACTS)…
LEARNING OBJECTIVES Recognize abnormalities of the mitral valve that lead to a disease state. Describe how abnormalities of the mitral valve cause pathology. Predict the outcomes of patients with each mitral valve pathology. Differentiate functional, primary, and mixed pathology. INTRODUCTION…
LEARNING OUTCOMES The mitral valve is a complex and highly dynamic structure comprised of various structures that work as a single functional unit. The mitral valve annulus is a nonplanar saddle-shaped structure with its highest point at the mid-anterior annulus…