Key Points: Deep Fungal Infections 1. Deep fungal infections can be divided into subcutaneous (localized), systemic, and opportunistic categories. 2. Neutropenic patients are particularly at risk for systemic phaeohyphomycosis, aspergillosis, fusariosis, and mucormycosis. 3. Patients with impaired cellular immunity are…
1 What is a dermatophyte? A dermatophyte is a fungus that has developed the ability to live on the keratin (hair, nails, or skin scale) of animals. Dermatophytes are classed into three genera: Microsporum , Trichophyton , and Epidermophyton. 2…
Acknowledgment The authors wish to acknowledge the invaluable input of Genevieve L. Egnatios, MD, Karen Warschaw, MD and Loren Golitz, MD, in coauthoring previous editions of this chapter. 1 What is the Runyon Classification system for mycobacteria? The Runyon Classification…
“Know syphilis in all of its manifestations and relations, and all other things clinical will be added unto you.” –Sir William Osler, 1897 1 What causes syphilis? Syphilis is caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum , ssp. pallidum , which…
Staphylococcal infections 1 Which bacterium is the most common cause of skin infections? Staphylococcus aureus . There are two types of S. aureus infections—methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) infections and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infections. These two types of infections are…
1 What causes warts? Warts are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV), a nonenveloped double-stranded DNA virus. There are over 200 known HPV types, and over 100 have been totally sequenced. The virus infects basal keratinocytes, resulting in keratinocyte hyperproliferation.…
1 What do herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) have in common? HSV-1, HSV-2, and VZV are all members of the human herpesvirus family. Other members of this family include cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, human herpesvirus-6, human herpesvirus-7, and…
1 What is the difference between an exanthem and an enanthem? Any skin rash that appears abruptly and affects several areas of the body simultaneously is called an exanthem, from the Greek origin “ exanthema ,” which means “ breaking…
1 What percentage of the population experiences acute urticaria during their lifetime? An estimated 15% to 25% of the population will experience at least one episode of urticaria during their lifetime ( Fig. 23.1 ). 2 How is acute versus…
1 Discuss the skin changes of lupus erythematosus Skin changes occur in about 855 of patients with lupus erythematosus (LE) and in this condition are second in frequency only to musculoskeletal complaints. Skin eruptions in LE may be categorized based…