1 What is a mole? A mole is a small burrowing mammal belonging to the family Talpidae. It is also a term commonly used to describe a melanocytic nevus. 2 What is a nevus? Derived from the Latin term meaning…
Key Points: 1. Pellagra is due to deficiency of niacin and/or nicotinic acid (vitamin B 3 ) and presents with the classic tetrad “the 4 D’s”: diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, and death. 2. Patients with scurvy (vitamin C deficiency) exhibit follicular…
1 How significant is the occurrence of skin disease in the setting of HIV infection? Dermatologic diseases are frequently encountered in HIV-infected patients. In one study of 100 serial outpatients, a 92% prevalence of skin disease was noted. Skin disease…
1 What skin changes are associated with renal disease? Renal disease can manifest in the skin in three ways: Skin changes that associated with renal failure Systemic diseases with renal and cutaneous manifestations (e.g., Henoch-Schönlein purpura) Diseases affecting the kidney…
1 List some of the hallmark skin signs seen with diseases of the digestive tract Cirrhosis: Jaundice, ascites, purpura, spider angiomas Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS): Lip lentigines Inflammatory bowel disease: Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) Gardner syndrome: Osteomas, epidermoid cysts Many diseases of…
1 How does endocrinologic disease cause skin disorders? Endocrinologic disease can produce cutaneous changes in several different ways: Hormones interact with cell surface receptors to regulate cellular function, and many cell types in skin have such hormone receptors. This means…
1 List the five criteria that establish an association between a skin disease and internal malignancy. Helen Curth, while evaluating acanthosis nigricans, established the five criteria known as Curth's postulates: 1. Concurrent onset of the cutaneous disease and internal malignancy.…
1 What are arthropods? Arthropods compose the largest number and most diverse group of animals on earth. They are invertebrates that arise from eggs and share these three anatomic features: segmented bodies, hard exoskeleton, and symmetrically paired and jointed appendages.…
1 Where and how does one acquire cutaneous parasitic diseases? Parasitic skin diseases may arise from systemic spread or direct penetration of the skin. Cutaneous parasitic infestations are a major source of morbidity, affecting millions worldwide. Tropical climates, crowding, poor…
Key Points: Deep Fungal Infections 1. Deep fungal infections can be divided into subcutaneous (localized), systemic, and opportunistic categories. 2. Neutropenic patients are particularly at risk for systemic phaeohyphomycosis, aspergillosis, fusariosis, and mucormycosis. 3. Patients with impaired cellular immunity are…