Anterior shoulder instability is the most common type of shoulder instability. It is typically the result of a traumatic event with dislocation of the glenohumeral joint. However, instability also may present as subluxation, a condition in which the joint symptomatically…
Background Shoulder arthroscopy was first described in the 1930s by Burman, who learned how to perform arthroscopy on cadaveric joints. Remarkably, shoulder arthroscopy has been used regularly only for the past 30 years. The use of shoulder arthroscopy has continued…
Conventional Radiography Conventional radiography is and should be the initial imaging examination performed for a patient presenting with shoulder pain. Although radiographs provide limited evaluation of the rotator cuff and glenoid labrum, they can offer important information about the source…
Perhaps more than any other joint in the body, the shoulder can present a complex diagnostic challenge to the examining physician. There are a variety of anatomic and clinical reasons for this challenge. First, the “shoulder” is actually a functional…
The shoulder can really be considered a complex ( Fig. 36.1 ), consisting of four joints or articulations (all with important stabilizing ligaments), two spaces, and more than 30 muscles and their respective tendons. The shoulder complex is an intricate…
With sports participation comes an inherent risk of injury. In 2017, a summary report on the National High School Sports-Related Injury Surveillance Study for the school year of 2016–17 estimated that 7.9 million students participated in high school sports, with…
Prevention of injuries is a critical, but often overlooked, component of the clinical practice of sports medicine. Incorporating injury prevention initiatives into an individual athlete's or team's training regimens requires forethought, planning, and persistence to maximize prophylactic benefits. To maximize…
Taping During physical activity, the integrity of a joint and its associated structures can be compromised, especially during high-risk activities that may introduce injurious mechanisms. Sports medicine clinicians can supplement mechanical support to a joint through a variety of taping…
Modalities and Manual Therapy Modalities, physical agents, and manual therapies (MTs) are commonly applied interventions for sports-related injuries and are designed to facilitate the rehabilitation process. These treatments are often associated with pain modulation techniques that can allow an earlier…
The purpose of this chapter is to describe the principles of orthopaedic rehabilitation. Orthopaedic rehabilitation should balance the load on tissues to stimulate adaptation but not so much to disrupt the healing process. This chapter will describe how loading models…