Key Points Craniofacial anomalies occur in as many as 1 in 500 to 1000 live births for cleft lip and palate, 1 in 2000 for isolated craniosynostosis, and 1 in 20,000 to 50,000 live births for some syndromic types of…
Key Points Most congenital nasal lesions occur secondary to developmental errors in one of three embryologic zones: the anterior neuropore, the central midface, or the nasobuccal membrane. Encephaloceles, gliomas, and dermoids share a common embryologic origin and frequently manifest as…
Key Points Although most otolaryngologists are familiar with pediatric obstructive sleep apnea, nonobstructive sleep disorders are also common causes of morbidity in children. A dyssomnia is a primary sleep disorder characterized by an abnormality in the amount, quality, or timing…
Key Points Sleep-disordered breathing is an important cause of morbidity in children and may lead to growth failure, neurocognitive and behavioral abnormalities, cardiovascular dysfunction, and rarely death. Workup includes a comprehensive history and physical examination. Polysomnography is recommended prior to…
Key Points Pediatric otolaryngologic procedures often require a shared workspace between the surgical and anesthesia teams. Excellent perioperative outcomes depend on professional trust, collaboration, and teamwork. Pediatric patients undergoing otolaryngologic procedures have significantly different physical characteristics, physiology, pharmacology, coping strategies,…
Key Points Children are physiologically different from adults, especially in the early stages of life. The practice of pediatric otolaryngology relies on close collaboration with other disciplines to manage children with complex medical issues and often with complicated family networks.…