Key Points Chemotherapy is the mainstay of treatment. Surgery does not play a role in the curative treatment of lymphoma. An adequate biopsy is critical to render an accurate diagnosis and classify lymphoma. An excisional or incisional biopsy is the…
Key Points Neck masses represent a diverse group of pathologic processes and require a broad differential diagnosis. Both benign and malignant lesions can present as a mass in the neck, which makes a careful approach to these lesions important. A…
Key Points High-resolution ultrasound imaging is the “gold standard” modality for nodular thyroid disease and should include assessment of cervical lymph nodes. Thyroid nodules are very common and should be risk stratified by sonographic appearance according to the guidelines of…
Key Points A thorough history and physical examination are still the cornerstones of the workup for neck mass. Pediatric neck masses are more often benign; in adults, neck masses should be assumed to be malignant until proven otherwise. Proximal aerodigestive…
Key Points Ninety percent of primary tracheal tumors in adults are malignant. Tracheal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) are the two most common primary tracheal malignancies, and together they account for 75% of all primary tracheal…
Key Points Surgical prosthetic voice restoration is the best option and gold standard for reestablishing oral communication in laryngectomized individuals. Surgical prosthetic voice restoration is feasible in all patients who are healthy enough to tolerate total laryngectomy and motivated to…
Key Points LARYNGEAL CANCER THERAPY Early-Stage Glottic Cancer and Supraglottic Cancer (T1-T2 Lesions) Treatment options include either radiation therapy (RT) or surgery (e.g., “stripping,” laser excision for glottic cancers). Definitive RT offers several advantages over a primary surgical option, such…
Key Points Total laryngectomy remains the standard by which other forms of treatment for advanced primary laryngeal carcinoma are evaluated. It should still be considered as a primary treatment modality for selected patients. Total laryngectomy is also occasionally indicated for…
Key Points Four principles of organ-preservation surgery help provide consistent oncologic and functional outcomes: local control, accurate assessment of the three-dimensional extent of tumor, the cricoarytenoid unit as the basic functional unit of the larynx, and resection of normal tissue…
Key Points Transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) permits both small and large laryngeal tumors to be resected. The limits of resectability are based on access and functional consequences and not on extent or T stage. Piecemeal resection of cancer permits precise…