Key Points A detailed understanding of aesthetic facial analysis is imperative to any cosmetic or reconstructive surgeon. The names of both soft tissue and bony anatomic landmarks must be clear and are the basic language in which surgeons communicate. Both…
Key Points Snoring affects at least 40% of men and 20% of women and often accompanies sleep-disordered breathing. However, only 6% of women and 13% of men older than 50 years of age have symptomatic obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). OSA…
Key Points Patients should be routinely and regularly screened for the presence of pain so that appropriate management strategies can be implemented. Optimizing control of postoperative pain can reduce postoperative morbidity and cost. Multimodal analgesia in association with protocols for…
Key Points The population is aging as people are living longer. The geriatric population comprises a significant proportion of otolaryngologic practice. Presentation of diseases in older adults may be different than in the younger population, and the spectrum of disease…
Key Points Multiple studies have observed some forms of association between periodontal disease and atherosclerotic vascular disease, based upon periodontal pathogens and certain serologic proteins found in the gingival sulcus that cause systemic inflammation. Yet no demonstrable, sustained causal relationship…
Key Points The spectrum of laryngeal and tracheal symptoms of systemic disorders can vary from mild to severe and may include hoarseness, cough, stridor, and airway compromise. Many systemic disorders that affect the larynx may mimic laryngeal carcinoma. A systemic…
Key Points Most immune deficiencies are acquired and affect the adaptive immune system, resulting in dysfunction of T cells and B cells. Patients with immunodeficiency are at risk for fungal, bacterial, and viral infections, and they have higher rates of…
Key Points Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is currently the most common isolate in community-acquired deep neck infections in children under 2 years. Up to 10% of MRSA isolates are clindamycin resistant. Conservative management without drainage is more likely to succeed…
Key Points The choice of imaging modality varies and depends on the location and nature of the disease process. Computed tomography (CT) is fast and widely available and can be used as the first and often the only imaging modality…
Key Points Although described in numerous historic texts, tracheotomy did not become a routine surgical procedure until the late 19th to early 20th century. Indications for tracheotomy include relief of airway obstruction, access for head and neck surgery, pulmonary toilet,…