Objectives This chapter will: 1. Provide an overview of drugs and antidotes in acute intoxication. 2. Highlight clinical pitfalls in the management of toxicity. 3. Identify the clinically significant toxidromes. 4. Describe the effects of sodium and potassium channel blockers.…
Objectives This chapter will: 1. Review basic principles of antibiotic prescribing. 2. Discuss the implications of the emergence of multi–drug-resistant organisms. 3. Review the mechanisms for antibiotic resistance. Intensive care units (ICUs) are unique because they provide confined accommodations for…
Objectives This chapter will: 1. Describe the diagnosis and treatment of viral influenza. 2. Explain the evaluation and management of viral meningoencephalitis. 3. Describe the initial approach to viral hepatitis. Viral infections in the intensive care unit (ICU) have gained…
Objectives This chapter will: 1. Recognize risk for and manifestations of common opportunistic infections in renal transplant recipients admitted to the intensive care unit. 2. Describe appropriate evaluation and treatment for infections in renal transplant recipients admitted to the intensive…
Objectives This chapter will: 1. Introduce the concept of blood purification. 2. Explain the mechanisms of blood purification in sepsis. 3. Evaluate the commonly used blood purification technologies. 4. Discuss the limitations and future directions of blood purification technologies. Extracorporeal…
Objectives This chapter will: 1. Highlight the very high mortality rates of patients who receive renal replacement therapy for septic acute kidney injury. 2. Appraise renal replacement modes, clearance techniques, doses, and optimal time to commence treatment in septic acute…
Objective This chapter will: 1. Identify antimicrobial- and patient-specific factors that may influence antimicrobial dosing in critically ill patients. Description of Antimicrobial Prescribing Practices in the Intensive Care Unit Antimicrobials are listed consistently in the top 10 drugs prescribed annually…
Objective This chapter will: 1. Present key evidence pertaining to the treatment of sepsis. Infection is a common occurrence in the intensive care unit (ICU), as a reason for ICU admission and when acquired in the ICU, and results in…
Objectives This chapter will: 1. Review the epidemiology of sepsis-induced acute kidney injury. 2. Discuss the evidence supporting novel mechanisms leading to acute kidney injury in the setting of sepsis. 3. Review novel approaches to the diagnosis of sepsis-induced acute…
Objectives This chapter will: 1. Describe the role of the endothelium dysfunction during sepsis and its interplay with the local environment. 2. Explain how endothelium damage translates into a loss of kidney function: sepsis-induced acute kidney injury. 3. Summarize the…