Objectives This chapter will: 1. Discuss the characteristics and the clinical impact of hepatorenal syndrome. 2. Discuss the pathophysiology of hepatorenal syndrome. 3. Discuss the management and the available treatments of hepatorenal syndrome. Patients with advanced cirrhosis frequently show a…
Objectives This chapter will: 1. Give the reader an overview of the liver as an acid-base organ. 2. Describe the complexities of the liver-kidney interaction at the molecular level. 3. Relate the pathophysiologic abnormalities of liver-kidney interactions to outcomes of…
Objectives This chapter will: 1. Define the range of conditions causing immune-mediated alveolar and glomerular injury resulting in acute pulmonary complications, especially hemorrhage and acute kidney injury. 2. Explore the immunopathogenesis and clinical features of pulmonary-renal syndrome. 3. Describe relevant…
Objectives This chapter will: 1. Approach the concept of multi-organ support therapy focusing on the combined pulmonary-renal dysfunction in terms of incidence, extracorporeal support, and outcomes. 2. Describe technologies available to combine extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) systems with continuous renal…
Objectives This chapter will: 1. Explain the physiology of CO 2 removal during extracorporeal support. 2. Describe potential clinical applications of extracorporeal CO 2 removal systems (ECCO 2 R) support therapy in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and…
Objectives This chapter will: 1. Briefly summarize the definitions and markers of acute kidney injury. 2. Review the recent literature on incidence and outcomes of renal failure in patients supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), as well as the literature…
Objectives This chapter will: 1. Describe the epidemiologic relationship between mechanical ventilation and acute renal failure and address the indications for mechanical ventilation. 2. Review the adverse effects of mechanical ventilation on the lung and distant organs. 3. Outline the…
Objectives This chapter will: 1. Review the pathophysiology of acute lung injury. 2. Summarize the emerging understanding of lung-kidney cross-talk in the critically ill patient. 3. Identify the mechanisms by which acute kidney injury may potentiate acute lung injury. Growing…
Objectives This chapter will: 1. Describe the efficacy/safety of oral anticoagulant therapy in chronic kidney disease patients with atrial fibrillation. 2. Identify novel oral anticoagulants in chronic kidney disease patients with atrial fibrillation. 3. Discuss percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion…
Objectives This chapter will: 1. Describe the current treatment options for decongestion in acute decompensated heart failure. 2. Review key clinical trials of ultrafiltration in heart failure management. 3. Describe clinical goals and targets of obtaining adequate decongestion. It is…