Introduction The free fibula flap has become the workhorse for mandible reconstruction. It was popularized by Hidalgo in 1989 and in its early iterations, involved creating intraoperative templates to guide osteotomies and hand-bend plates. Although this involved great artistry and…
Introduction The midface is a complex skeletal framework that is composed principally of the maxilla and zygoma. Structural support is provided by a set of horizontal and vertical pillars ( Fig. 7.1 ). The main horizontal buttresses are the maxillary…
Introduction The goal of cranioplasty is to restore structure and function of missing cranial bone while providing support to soft tissues. Choice of surgical approach and reconstructive material depends on the nature and size of the defect, the patient’s history,…
Introduction Orthognathic surgery outcomes depend not only on surgical technique, but also on appropriate diagnosis and treatment planning. The adoption of computer-assisted design/computed-assisted manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology, computer-assisted surgical planning (CaSP), and three-dimensional (3D) printing has created a paradigm shift for…
Introduction A comprehensive maxillofacial computer-assisted surgical workflow can be divided into three areas: 1) presurgical planning, 2) surgical execution, and 3) anatomic verification. Historically, presurgical planning has been a function of the surgeon’s spatial cognition abilities, surgical execution was heavily…
Introduction Complex maxillomandibular fractures can have devastating functional and aesthetic outcomes for patients. Traumatic occlusal splints can act as surgical guides for fracture reduction which can then serve as the foundation upon which the remainder of the face may be…
Introduction Computer-assisted design (CAD) and computer-assisted manufacturing (CAM) can play a unique role in craniofacial surgery because of the intricate three-dimensional (3D) anatomic considerations inherent to this field. Through the use of CAD/CAM techniques, surgeons can uniquely plan for each…
History and introduction Innovation in three-dimensional (3D)-scanning technology has now enabled all plastic surgeons to have a 3D scanner at their disposal for use in surgical planning. These developments began with innovation in the aviation industry, which translated to innovation…