Introduction Several indications necessitate posttraumatic orbital reconstruction. For example, restrictive diplopia secondary to entrapment of extraocular muscles can lead to irreversible muscle ischemia and necrosis within hours, thus requiring emergent surgery. In particular, pediatric patients are especially susceptible to extraocular…
Introduction Craniofacial surgery commonly involves carefully orchestrated surgery between plastic surgeons, neurosurgeons and other specialists. In some cases, the neurosurgeons provide a craniotomy for access to the midface. For example, correction of orbital hypertelorism or monobloc frontofacial advancement. In other…
Introduction Mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO) remains a mainstay of surgical treatment for Pierre Robin Sequence (PRS). Three-dimensional (3D) printing and computer-assisted design/computer-assisted manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology has revolutionized our ability to visualize, plan, and execute surgical treatment within craniofacial surgery. In…
Introduction Craniofacial microsomia is a congenital anomaly that results in the underdevelopment of one half or both sides of the face. It occurs in approximately 1:3000 to 1:5000 live births. Treatment of this condition can involve multiple operations to augment…
Introduction Although classically described as “mandibulofacial dysostosis,” contemporary understanding of the three-dimensional (3D) skeletal dysmorphology in patients with Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS) extends to include midface hypoplasia involving the zygoma and maxilla. The hallmark of severe deficiency is orbitozygomatic hypoplasia…
Introduction Nonsyndromic craniosynostosis refers to the premature fusion of cranial sutures in the absence of other congenital anomalies. Fusion typically occurs at only one suture, though in rare nonsyndromic cases, fusion at multiple sutures can occur and is referred to…
Introduction Various conditions, congenital and acquired, can limit midface growth resulting in midface hypoplasia. Midface hypoplasia may be a result of developmental maxillary dysplasia, skeletal and dental class III malocclusion, and hard palate narrowing. This can lead to airway obstruction,…
Introduction The care of children with syndromic craniosynostosis is complex and multifaceted, and surgical interventions are a critical component of treatment and an opportunity to provide significant functional and aesthetic improvements in these patients. The use of computer-assisted design and…
Introduction Hypertelorism is defined as increased bony interorbital distance (IOD) and is measured by the interdacryon distance, which is the distance between the most medial osseous aspect of the orbits. Orbital hypertelorism is distinct from telecanthus, which refers to the…
Introduction Total temporomandibular joint replacement (TMJR) is indicated for the treatment of inflammatory arthritis not responsive to other modalities of treatment, recurrent fibrous and/or bony ankylosis, failed tissue grafts, failed alloplastic temporomandibular joint (TMJ) reconstruction, or loss of vertical mandibular…