Introduction The incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in skeletally immature patients increases continuously. This increase is partially because of the developed awareness of the condition and seeking of medical treatment, but also owing to an actual increase of…
Introduction Although once considered rare among skeletally immature patients, anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries have increased in frequency among children and adolescents over recent years. , The observed increase in the incidence of ACL injuries may be related to any…
Introduction With approximately 200,000 anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears per year, primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is one of the most common orthopedic procedures performed, and accounts for $1 billion to $2 billion dollars in healthcare per year. ACL…
Postoperative Stiffness Preoperative Consideration The goal of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is to stabilize a loose knee so the patient can return to desired activities, often involving pivoting and cutting. Additionally, many patients desire to return to competitive sports.…
Introduction Medical complications are uncommon following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), yet their impact is not insignificant because of the frequency with which this procedure is performed. Further, these adverse events involve significant patient morbidity and represent a financial burden…
Introduction Stable graft fixation is critical for a successful outcome after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). The advantages of early joint motion and weight bearing after ACLR have been well documented. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) graft fixation must provide sufficient…
Introduction Modern techniques in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) continue to evolve as surgeons endeavor to restore the anatomy and kinematics of the native knee. Among the reported complications associated with ACLR, tunnel malposition has been recognized as the most…
Introduction In this chapter, the potential complications during the harvest of hamstring, bone-patellar tendon-bone (BPTB), and quadriceps tendons for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) will be discussed. Regardless of which graft is harvested and its potential complication, it is essential…
Introduction Reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a procedure that has increased in frequency in the United States, with more than 200,000 procedures performed annually. Despite the frequency with which it is performed, it is a procedure fraught…
Introduction Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures are a common and potentially devastating injury in the athletic and active population. The incidence of ACL tears is rising in the United States, with recent estimates of 43.5 to 68.6 per 100,000 person-years.…