Introduction The complex osteology of the shoulder predisposes it to a variety of pathological states, several of which can be related to impingement of soft tissues between osseous surfaces. Additionally, repeated overhead weight-bearing activities can predispose the glenohumeral articulation and…
Introduction The subscapularis muscle is the largest and most powerful rotator cuff muscle, accounting for as much as 53% of the force generated around the glenohumeral joint by the rotator cuff complex. Despite this, the subscapularis typically receives less attention…
Introduction Open rotator cuff repair is becoming a less prevalent technique for rotator cuff surgery; nonetheless, clinical situations still arise where this technique may be preferred to arthroscopic repair. These scenarios include revision surgery for failed arthroscopic repairs and massive,…
Introduction Rotator cuff pathology is commonly encountered in an orthopedic practice and can result in significant pain and dysfunction. The prevalence of rotator cuff tears in the general population is reported to be between 9.7% and 62%, and increases with…
Introduction Approximately 18 million Americans report shoulder pain each year, of which a large percentage are attributable to rotator cuff pathology. Tears of the rotator cuff tendon are common in the general population, and are associated with shoulder pain, dysfunction,…
Introduction Definition The term multidirectional instability (MDI) was first described by Neer and Foster in their preliminary report in 1980, when they reported the results of open inferior capsular shift as a treatment for this condition. A few years later,…
Introduction Posterior shoulder instability represents an array of disorders, ranging all the way from symptomatic subluxation (symptomatic, excessive translation of the humeral head on the glenoid) to multiple frank dislocation events. Posterior shoulder instability events are primarily subluxation events in…
Introduction When Bankart originally described anterior glenohumeral instability, he described the labral tear as the essential lesion which was present in over 90% of cases. More recently, however, we have recognized the increasing role of bony anatomy in shoulder stability.…
Introduction Anterior glenohumeral instability is a common problem encountered by the orthopedic surgeon, particularly in young active patients. Young male contact-sport athletes with anterior shoulder instability who do not undergo surgical stabilization have particularly high rates of going on to…
Background Traumatic instability of the shoulder joint is generally associated with a Bankart lesion, in which the anteroinferior glenoid labrum and inferior glenohumeral ligament (IGHL) detach from the glenoid. , Although open or arthroscopic surgery is the standard treatment approach…