Introduction Adolescent Blount disease is a developmental disorder of the posteromedial proximal tibial physis. Asymmetric growth results in a classic deformity characterized by tibia vara, internal tibial torsion, and procurvatum. The severity of alignment falls along a spectrum, and appropriate…
Introduction Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is the most prevalent hip disorder presenting during adolescence, occurring at a rate of 10 per 100,000 children. It is characterized by anterior translation and external rotation of the proximal femoral metaphysis relative to…
Introduction Legg-Calve-Perthes disease (LCPD) is a self-limited childhood hip condition that can produce permanent deformity of the femoral head. Its treatment remains a challenge, given the wide variation in stage and disease severity. Early containment surgery has become increasingly popular…
Introduction The proximal femoral osteotomy (PFO) has been a part of pediatric orthopedic surgical techniques since at least the 1960s, when Dr. Southwick described a peritrochanteric osteotomy in 1963. Numerous variations of the PFO have been described since that time,…
Introduction Acetabular dysplasia is a condition defined by insufficient acetabular coverage of the femoral head. In addition to pain and variable hip instability, the dysplastic morphology is associated with increased loading of the anterolateral acetabular rim, chondrolabral injury, and early…
Introduction Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a common pediatric condition that encompasses a spectrum of hip pathology ranging from increased hip laxity to hip dislocation. If diagnosed early, most of these infants can be successfully managed with brace…
Preoperative Workup History (Brace Management/Preoperative Complications) When evaluating a patient with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), there is a standardized treatment protocol that is followed prior to pursuing closed reduction of the hip. It is important to take a…
Background Septic arthritis of the hip can be a devastating process to the pediatric patient, and failure to effectively treat may result in severe patient morbidity and create late sequelae to hip function. Septic arthritis of the hip most commonly…
Introduction Early-onset scoliosis (EOS) is defined as scoliosis with onset earlier than age 10 years and is classified based on age, etiology, major curve, degree of kyphosis, and curve progression. The characteristics of the deformity guide treatment options available. Stabilizing…
Introduction Kyphosis is defined as an abnormal forward spinal curvature in children when looking at the sagittal plane. It can be separated into multiple different types, including postural, Scheuermann, congenital, infectious, traumatic, neuromuscular, degenerative, and postoperative kyphosis after laminectomy or…