Imaging of the Right Heart The algorithms used for left ventricular assessment cannot always be applied to the right ventricle (RV), which differs in morphology, shape, and function. The RV has a complex geometrical shape with a thinner and more…
Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome Overview. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is a spectrum of disease characterized by underdevelopment of the left ventricle with obstruction or atresia of ventricular inflow and outflow. HLHS accounts for approximately 2% to 3% of all…
Atrial Septal Defect Overview. An atrial septal defect (ASD) is a defect in the atrial septum that allows communication between the right atrium (RA) and left atrium (LA). Isolated ASDs account for 6% to 10% of all congenital heart disease.…
Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection and Scimitar Syndrome Overview. Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection (PAPVC) is present when one or more pulmonary veins drain into a systemic vein. Because a single anomalous connection may be unrecognized, the incidence is difficult…
Introduction Congenital abnormalities of the heart are the most common birth defects, occurring in approximately 8 of every 1,000 newborns. Approximately 25% of those in whom an abnormality is identified have critical congenital heart disease (CHD) with risk for significant…
Congenital cardiac defects may be categorized in a variety of ways. One approach is to separate them based on the presence or absence of cyanosis at the time of presentation. Cyanotic lesions are either associated with shunting of deoxygenated blood…
Pediatric Cardiac Catheterization Introduction Pediatric cardiovascular catheterization laboratories today involve a variety of complex diagnostic and interventional procedures for congenital abnormalities using multiple imaging tools to improve procedural outcome and patient safety. Preprocedure imaging to map the complex anatomy is…
Acknowledgment: The editors and the publisher would like to thank Drs. Sadaf T. Bhutta and S. Bruce Greenberg for contributing a chapter on this topic to the prior edition of this work. It has served as the foundation for the…
Remarkable advances have occurred in noninvasive imaging evaluation of pediatric cardiothoracic vascular disorders. One such technologic advancement is multidetector array computed tomography angiography (CTA). CTA has become a primary imaging consideration for structural cardiovascular evaluation beginning as early as the…
The role of chest radiography in the diagnosis and evaluation of congenital cardiovascular disease continues to evolve. At one time a major tool in the assessment of heart disease, radiography now occupies an ancillary role, with echocardiography serving as the…