Introduction Approximately 1.2 million new cases of lung cancer occur worldwide every year ( ). Most patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are diagnosed at an advanced stage ( ). Brain metastases develop during the course of the disease…
Introduction Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 80% of cases of primary lung cancer ( ). Lung cancer is also the most frequent origin of metastatic brain tumors…
Introduction Synovial sarcoma is a distinct mesenchymal spindle cell tumor, which displays variable epithelial differentiation and has a characteristic chromosomal translocation t(X; 18) (p11; q11). It can rarely metastasize to the brain. Brain Synovial Sarcomas By searching Pubmed for synovial…
Introduction Brain metastases from primary cancers represent a significant disease burden and common source of morbidity and mortality in the cancer population. Brain metastases, for example, are estimated to occur in 20–40% of all patients with cancer during the course…
Introduction Brain metastases pose a major treatment challenge and typically confer a poor prognosis for patients diagnosed with these secondary tumors. While surgical resection and various forms of radiation therapy play important roles in the multidisciplinary therapy of brain metastases,…
Introduction Treatment for childhood cancer has become progressively more effective in the last few decades leading to a remarkable increase in both 5- and 10-year overall survival for these patients, which now approaches 80% overall ( ). However, the mortality…
Introduction Brain metastases (BM) constitute a significant disease burden and have a major impact on patient morbidity and mortality ( ). Recent progress in the preclinical and clinical development of molecular targeted drugs has revealed that some of them have…
Introduction Epidemiology and Clinical Presentation of Brain Metastases Brain metastases (BMs) occur in 20–40% of adult cancer patients with an incidence of>170 000 new cases per year in the USA ( ) and become symptomatic during life in 60–75% of…
Introduction Chemokines are a superfamily of small cytokines (8–12 kDa) with chemotactic properties. They bind to specific receptors and are involved in cell trafficking, activation and differentiation. More than 50 different chemokines have been identified and are classified into four…
Introduction Brain metastases are the most common type of brain tumors ( ) and are associated with significant mortality and morbidity ( ). The incidence of brain metastases varies by reporting institution, and different studies have reported different results. For…