Imaging and diagnosis The diagnosis of benign and malignant diseases of the pancreas and biliary tree historically have relied on a detailed history and complete physical examination, with correlation of the results of clinical chemistries. Imaging of the hepatic and…
Overview Once a mainstay of diagnosis in hepatobiliary and pancreatic diseases, indications for catheter angiography have changed significantly in the past three decades. This is mainly because of the widespread adoption of noninvasive imaging modalities such as multidetector computed tomography…
Direct cholangiography overview Direct cholangiography, the introduction of contrast medium into the biliary system, can be performed under fluoroscopic guidance percutaneously, endoscopically, or intraoperatively via surgically placed catheters. The nonoperative techniques are percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography…
The field of radiology has undergone tremendous growth over recent decades, with continuous advances in diagnostic imaging that include innovations in medical devices, such as the creation of dual energy–source multidetector computed tomography (CT); innovations in imaging agents, such as…
Nuclear medicine uses radioactive pharmaceuticals, or radiopharmaceuticals , for diagnostic imaging and internal radiotherapy of a variety of diseases. This chapter discusses clinical applications of diagnostic nuclear medicine imaging for the care of patients with hepatic, pancreatic, and biliary (hepatopancreatobiliary…
Introduction to pancreatic imaging Transabdominal ultrasound (US) is a noninvasive, inexpensive, and rapid method of evaluating morphologic changes in the pancreas and may be used as an initial investigation in the setting of abdominal pain or suspected obstructive jaundice. However,…
In the past decade, the combination of increased computing processing power and technologic improvements in acquisition across all modalities have imparted significant advances in medical imaging, including imaging of the biliary tract and gallbladder. This chapter will review current methods…
Overview Imaging plays a central role in the characterization of liver lesions and detection of liver metastases in patients at risk. As treatment options for patients with metastatic liver disease have proliferated over the past decade (see Chapter 90, Chapter…
Introduction The increased frequency of cross-sectional imaging with improved imaging techniques has resulted in the increased detection of liver lesions. The majority of incidentally discovered liver lesions are benign, even in the oncologic population. , Although ultrasound (US) can be…
Introduction Cross-sectional imaging of the liver, biliary tree, and pancreas can be performed with ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Positron emission tomography (PET) is most often performed in combination with CT (PET-CT) and has more recently…