Introduction Despite significant advances and the introduction of new therapeutics for patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC), based on estimates from the World Health Organization there were approximately 685,000 deaths globally in 2020 from breast cancer, which remains incurable in…
Introduction Bone is the most common site of first recurrence in patients with breast cancer, affecting up to 70% of patients with metastatic disease. Patients with bone metastases are at high risk for developing clinically significant complications, often referred to…
Over the past 40 years, new and advanced breast cancer multimodality treatments have resulted in improved median survival times for patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Breast cancer most commonly metastasizes to bone, followed by lung, brain, and liver. Until…
Introduction Overall, around 15% to 20% of breast cancers recur as distant metastatic disease, and recurrence rates are higher if local recurrences or second breast cancers are also included. Clinically apparent metastatic breast cancer is not curable with current treatment…
Locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) and inflammatory breast cancer (IBC), a special subtype of stage III breast cancer, were historically associated with a high risk of recurrence, for which a multimodality management approach has been the cornerstone of treatment. In…
The prevention of locoregional recurrence (LRR) continues to be an important goal of breast cancer treatments today. Since its inception in the late 19th century, the primary objective of surgery has been local control of disease. Despite innovations in the…
Introduction About 6% of all breast cancer patients present with an intact primary tumor and synchronous distant disease, a rate largely unchanged over the past 20 years. For these patients, overall survival is dictated by their systemic disease rather than…
Introduction As recent as the early 2000s, locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) carried a grim prognosis, and surgery was thought to play a more palliative role in its management. However, in more recent years, the understanding of the disease process…
Introduction HER2 (also known as ERBB2) represents a potent oncogenic driver in 15% to 20% of breast carcinomas and is associated with an aggressive phenotype and poor patient outcome if not treated. The addition of trastuzumab, the first monoclonal antibody…
Introduction Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for 10% to 20% of early-stage breast cancers and is characterized by tumors without expression of estrogen or progesterone receptors and that lack HER2 overexpression and/or amplification. Although these tumors are heterogeneous with regards…