Learning Objectives Upon completion of this chapter, the student should be able to answer the following questions : 1 What are the basic gas diffusion principles and how do they affect O 2 and CO 2 absorption and expiration? 2…
Learning Objectives Upon completion of this chapter, the student should be able to answer the following questions: 1 What are the two types of dead space ventilation, and how does dead space ventilation change with changes in tidal volume? 2…
Learning Objectives Upon completion of this chapter, the student should be able to answer the following questions : 1 What is the difference between laminar and turbulent air flow? 2 How does airway resistance affect airflow? 3 What factors contribute…
Learning Objectives Upon completion of this chapter, the student should be able to answer the following questions : 1 How is the alveolar pressure different from the pleural pressure? 2 How is the transpleural pressure gradient created? 3 What is…
Learning Objectives Upon completion of this chapter, the student should be able to answer the following questions: 1 What is the primary function of the upper airways? What is the primary function of the lower airways? What anatomical adaptations exist…
LEARNING OBJECTIVES Upon completion of this chapter, the student should be able to answer the following questions: 1 What are the four major factors that determine cardiac output? Which two of these factors are said to be “coupling factors,” and…
Learning Objectives Upon completion of this chapter, the student should be able to answer the following questions: 1 How do the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems regulate the functions of the heart and vasculature? 2 What factors affect the differential…
LEARNING OBJECTIVES Upon completion of this chapter, the student should be able to answer the following questions: 1 What physical properties of blood vessels and blood determine hemodynamics? What is Poiseuille’s law? 2 How are stroke volume and pulse pressure…
LEARNING OBJECTIVES Upon completion of this chapter, the student should be able to answer the following questions: 1 How does the action potential contribute to excitability and contraction in heart muscle? 2 What is automaticity, and how does it differ…
LEARNING OBJECTIVES Upon completion of this chapter, the student should be able to answer the following questions: 1 How does the arrangement of heart and vessels enable unidirectional flow of well-oxygenated blood to the body? 2 How do the differing…