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Instrumentation The rigid urethroscope is a modification of the cystoscope, designed exclusively for evaluation of the urethra ( Fig. 120.1 ). Because it is primarily a diagnostic instrument, it does not have a bridge. The telescope is shorter and has…
A number of complications may be associated with laparoscopic surgery. Several of these iatrogenic injuries are unique and peculiar to the laparoscopic procedure itself (i.e., separate from the major surgical objective). For example, total abdominal hysterectomy is associated with the…
The application of laparoscopic technology for advanced gynecologic operations resulted in significant patient benefits including reduced blood loss, shorter hospital stay, and a faster recovery as compared with laparotomy. Laparoscopic technology, however, had inherent drawbacks, which resulted in slow incorporation…
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Ovarian Cystectomy Ovarian cystectomy is the treatment of choice for the conservative management of ovarian cysts presumed to be benign. Simple aspiration is associated with a high recurrence rate, and a cyst fluid cytology test is unreliable. Transvaginal ultrasonography is…
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The most important prerequisite for proper trocar placement is knowledge of abdominal wall anatomy. Patient position is critical for a safe procedure. The patient is placed in the dorsal lithotomy position with foam-padded leg stirrups (Allen Medical Systems, Acton, Mass.),…