Indications and Clinical Considerations Calcaneal spurs are a common cause of heel pain. When symptomatic, they usually are found in association with plantar fasciitis. Calcaneal spurs are most commonly formed at the insertion of the plantar fascia on the medial…
Indications and Clinical Considerations Plantar fasciitis is characterized by pain and tenderness over the plantar surface of the calcaneus. Occurring twice as often in women, plantar fasciitis is thought to be caused by an inflammation of the plantar fascia. This…
Indications and Clinical Considerations The tendons of the peroneus longus and brevis muscles are susceptible to developing tendinitis and tenosynovitis. These tendons are subjected to repetitive motion, which may result in microtrauma that heals poorly because of the tendons’ avascular…
Indications and Clinical Considerations The fibulocalcaneal ligament, which is also known as the calcaneofibular ligament, is susceptible to strain from acute injury from sudden inversion of the ankle, as when stepping off a high curb, or from repetitive microtrauma to…
Indications and Clinical Considerations Bursae are formed from synovial sacs that allow easy sliding of muscles and tendons across one another at areas of repeated movement. These synovial sacs are lined with a synovial membrane that is invested with a…
Indications and Clinical Considerations The Achilles tendon is susceptible to developing tendinitis both at its insertion on the calcaneus and at its narrowest part, at a point approximately 5 cm above its insertion ( Fig. 185.1 ). It is also…
Indications and Clinical Considerations Sural nerve block at the ankle is useful in evaluating and managing foot and ankle pain thought to be subserved by the sural nerve. The technique also is useful for providing surgical anesthesia for the posterior…
Indications and Clinical Considerations Posterior tarsal tunnel syndrome is caused by compression of the posterior tibial nerve as it passes through the posterior tarsal tunnel. The posterior tarsal tunnel is made up of the flexor retinaculum, the bones of the…
Indications and Clinical Considerations Superficial peroneal nerve block is useful in evaluating and managing foot pain thought to be subserved by the superficial peroneal nerve. The technique also is useful for providing surgical anesthesia for the foot when combined with…
Indications and Clinical Considerations Anterior tarsal tunnel syndrome is caused by compression of the deep peroneal nerve as it passes beneath the superficial fascia of the ankle ( Figs. 181.1 and 181.2 ). The most common cause of compression of…