Cranioplasty is performed to restore the integrity and appearance of the skull. This most often involves the reconstruction of full-thickness skeletal defects. Cranioplasty may also be performed to normalize or to improve the contours of the intact cranium, usually the…
This chapter presents the principles and basic steps of the senior author’s operative technique for implant augmentation of the facial skeleton. Preparation In anticipation of implant surgery, steps to minimize the likelihood of infection are taken. To facilitate intraoperative hemostasis,…
The craniofacial skeleton can be reconstructed with both autogenous bone and alloplastic implants. Alloplastic implants are used only as onlay grafts to the native skeleton to improve facial contour and to replace missing portions of the non-load-bearing cranial vault and…
Physical examination is the most important element of preoperative assessment and planning for both reconstructive and cosmetic procedures. Reviewing photographic images with the patient can be helpful when discussing aesthetic concerns and goals. All faces are asymmetric. Asymmetries are usually…
The shape of the human face is composed of a skeletal bony framework that is covered by a soft tissue envelope. Overall, skeletal proportions are probably the most important component of facial attractiveness. Fritz E. Barton Jr., 2009 Since the…