Key points • Celebrities’ values and beauty standards are a major influence on patients seeking aesthetic surgery. • The explosion of social media and reality television has become an ever-increasing motivator for patients to consider aesthetic surgery. • The K-Pop…
• Darwin’s description of the theory of natural selection is one of the earliest scientific acknowledgments of the importance of physical appearance. • Evolutionary theorists believe that the ability to develop symmetrical features in a world full of environmental pathogens…
Key points • Complete reliance on cephalometric analysis for treatment may lead to suboptimal aesthetic results. • Beautiful faces of different ethnicities have quite different shapes, but individuals of all ethnicities recognize them as beautiful. • Faces that conform to…
Key points • The patient’s perspective and desire must be understood and discussed in detail because they might be different from that of the surgeon’s. • Dental evaluation is crucially important in the evaluation of facial aesthetics. • Psychologic consideration…
• The evolution of techniques in reconstructive maxillofacial surgery has led to safe and efficacious surgery of the facial soft tissue, the natural extension of which was surgery purely to enhance the appearance. • The soft tissue overlying the bone…