Summary of Key Points In the United States it is estimated that there will be 51,540 new cases of head and neck cancer in 2018, accounting for 3% of all cancer cases and 1.5% of all cancer deaths. The three…
Summary of Key Points Incidence The most common primary intraocular tumors are choroidal melanoma and retinoblastoma. The most common affecting the ocular adnexa are lymphoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, optic nerve glioma, and epithelial and melanocytic malignancies of the eyelid and conjunctiva. Many…
Summary of Key Points Incidence 78,980 new primary brain tumors will be diagnosed in the United States in 2018, of which approximately one-third will be malignant. 3,560 new childhood (ages 0–19 years) primary benign and malignant CNS tumors will be…
Summary of Key Points Nearly 37 million people were living worldwide with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in 2016, and about 2 million become infected every year. HIV testing is recommended as a component of routine medical care, not just…
Summary of Key Points Cancer complicates 1 in 1000 pregnancies; the most common malignancies in pregnant women are breast cancer, cervical cancer, Hodgkin lymphoma, malignant melanoma, and acute leukemia. No evidence exists that pregnancy alters the clinical behavior of cancer,…
Summary of Key Points Physiologic Changes of Aging Cancer and aging share common biologic and cellular mechanisms such as genomic instability, deregulated energetics, and cellular senescence. † Deceased. Older adults have age-related changes in all organ systems that decrease the…
Summary of Key Points Malignancy-Related Ascites Malignancy-related ascites is a common complication of advanced cancer. Malignancy-related ascites accounts for 10% of all cases of ascites, with a majority of these cases related to carcinomatosis. Malignancy-related ascites most commonly occurs in…
Summary of Key Points Etiology The liver is a common site of metastatic disease in most gastrointestinal cancers owing to hepatic portal venous drainage. Diagnostic and Preoperative Evaluation Clinical risk scores, which predict prognosis for metastatic liver disease, are less…
Summary of Key Points Background and Etiology Lung metastases may develop in the lung parenchyma, lymph nodes, or pleura of the lung, and may occur because of genetic or immunologic changes and/or the co-opting of normal cellular processes to assist…
Summary of Key Points Incidence Bone metastasis is a major cause of (often prolonged) morbidity in persons with cancer. Bone metastasis is especially prevalent in persons with breast and prostatic cancers. Causes Disseminated tumor cells are attracted to vascular, osteoblastic,…