Pulmonary disease is common in patients with end-stage liver disease, and as many as 50% to 70% of patients with end-stage liver disease complain of shortness of breath. The differential diagnosis includes obstructive airway disease, infection, fluid retention with hydrothorax,…
In perioperative management, the hepatic and gastrointestinal (GI) systems usually receive consideration after the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. However, potential perioperative problems such as aspiration, ileus, and nausea and vomiting are common and significant. Additionally, end-stage liver disease—often associated with…
Patients waiting for a transplantable organ share a hope for the future that is predicated on the availability of an organ donor. Donor death must be declared before organ procurement. Donation after brain death (DBD) is the most common setting…
Key Points ▪ The shortage of organs available for transplantation is a worldwide problem. ▪ The discrepancy between the number of patients waiting for organ transplantation and the available organs remains significant, but has narrowed since 2013. ▪ Most organs…
Key Points ▪ Survival after abdominal organ transplantation continues to improve. ▪ The imbalance between organ supply and demand is increasing as new indications emerge and transplantation is offered to growing numbers of older candidates. ▪ To increase the supply…