Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is an endocrine disorder characterized by autonomic overproduction of intact parathyroid hormone. It is often asymptomatic and identified through routine biochemical screening demonstrating hypercalcemia with elevated or upper normal levels of circulating intact parathyroid hormone. Osteoporosis may…
Adrenal venous sampling is almost exclusively used in the setting of excessive aldosterone production to establish and localize unilateral aldosteronism before surgery. Excessive excretion of aldosterone may be primary due to a tumor (Conn syndrome) or hyperactivity of the outer…
Abdominal Aorta The abdominal aorta continues from the thoracic aorta as it passes posterior to the median arcuate ligament and between the crura of the diaphragm (aortic hiatus), in front of the body of the T12 vertebra and then descends…
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