Normal Anatomy Adrenal Gland The adrenal gland is a composite of two endocrine organs, one mesodermally derived (cortex) and the other neuroectodermally derived (medulla). The function of the adrenal cortex is to secrete several steroid hormones known as corticosteroids, all…
Penis Normal Anatomy The main anatomic components of the penis are the corpus (shaft), glans , and prepuce (foreskin). The corpus is composed of the corpora cavernosa (made up of a net of vascular spaces surrounded by the tunica albuginea)…
Testis Normal Embryology and Anatomy The growth and development of the human testis can be divided into three major phases: (1) static, from birth to age 4 years; (2) growth, from age 4 to 10 years; and (3) developmental (maturation),…
Prostate Normal Anatomy The prostate is a pear-shaped glandular organ that weighs up to 20 g in the normal adult male and that depends for its differentiation and subsequent growth on androgenic hormones synthesized in the testis, acting through a poorly…
Normal Anatomy The bladder is a hollow viscus with the shape of a four-sided inverted pyramid when empty and of a rounded structure when distended. It is divided into the following portions: superior surface (also known as dome , and…
Pediatric Tumors and Tumorlike Conditions Nephroblastic Tumors Wilms Tumor (Nephroblastoma) General Features Wilms tumor is also known as nephroblastoma (currently the preferred term). It constitutes the prototypical example of a neoplastic process that faithfully recapitulates embryogenesis at the morphologic and…
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Tumors of the urinary bladder include neoplasms of virtually all types of tissue derivation, and the 2004 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of tumors of the urinary system and male genital organs reflects this diversity ( Table 4-1 ). The…