Introduction Patients in an intensive care unit (ICU) often have received or require anticoagulation for multiple reasons that include acute thrombotic issues, mechanical valves, venous thromboembolic prophylaxis, atrial fibrillation, ischemic cardiovascular disease, and/or extracorporeal life support. The types of anticoagulation…
Hemostasis is a critical homeostatic mechanism of survival that involves vascular, cellular, and plasma components that interact to stop bleeding. Vascular effects include vasoconstriction, expression of procoagulant factors such as tissue factor, and loss of normal anticoagulant functions of the…
Risk Pts with mechanical heart valves, atrial fibrillation, pulm embolism, or recent venous thrombosis. Oral anticoagulant therapy (warfarin, oral Xa inhibitor-rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban) and direct thrombin inhibitor (dabigatran) and use of low-molecular-weight heparin, fondaparinux may increase potential risks in…
Risk Incidence in USA: 5% of adults are allergic to one or more drugs. During surgery, the risk of anaphylaxis is ∼1:2500 to 1:20,000 depending on the agent, with a mortality rate of 4%. Females > males (1.6:1). Perioperative Risks…
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Following cardiac surgery, multiple quantitative and qualitative hemostatic abnormalities have been described. Preexisting and acquired defects contribute to bleeding. The increasing use of anticoagulants, including antiplatelet agents (clopidogrel, prasugrel, ticagrelor) and new oral anticoagulation (NOAC) agents (dabigatran, rivaroxaban and apixaban),…