Abbreviations AGE advanced glycation end-product APC antigen-presenting cell CGRP calcitonin gene-related peptide GERL Golgi-SER-lysosome HD high density HSC hepatic stellate cell ICAM-1 intercellular adhesion molecule-1 LAL liver-associated lymphocyte LD low density LFA-1 lymphocyte associated antigen-1 LGL large granular lymphocyte LPS…
Introduction Jaundice, which is observed in almost every newborn, is termed physiological because it clears within a few days, after hepatic activation of bilirubin conjugation. This phenomenon reflects a unique feature of prenatal life: Many functions of the liver that…
Introduction Liver transplantation is used worldwide to treat a broad spectrum of end-stage liver diseases. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease–induced cirrhosis, alcohol-induced liver disease, and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are the leading indications in North America, Europe, and South America.…
Acknowledgment We are indebted to Ian R. Wanless, MD, FRCPC, for his extensive work on this chapter in prior editions of this book. Introduction Vascular diseases of the liver are less common than many other conditions, but they have assumed…
Liver Biopsy Specimens Histopathological examination of liver tissue by needle biopsy remains an integral part of the management of liver diseases, as morphology is of critical importance for synthesizing clinical and laboratory testing findings into cogent understanding of a patient’s…
Introduction Disorders of the biliary tract affect a significant portion of the world’s population. More than 95% of biliary tract disease is attributable to cholecystitis and cholelithiasis (i.e., gallstones). It is estimated that about 20 million persons in the United…
Introduction Endoscopy provides a unique opportunity to visualize the mucosal surface of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and, through endoscopic imaging techniques, a variety of extraluminal and extraintestinal organs and structures. When considered within the context of a specific clinical picture,…
. The practice of hepatopathology requires a clear understanding of liver anatomy and physiology, as a prelude to understanding the expression of pathological processes in the liver. As an anatomical entity, the liver is deceptively simple. It is large, representing…