Description ■ Leishmaniasis is a parasitic, protozoal infection transmitted by an arthropod bite and acquired in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. History ■ Leishmaniasis is caused by an intracellular infection by protozoa of the genus Leishmania. ■ The…
Erythema Toxicum Neonatorum Description ■ Erythema toxicum neonatorum is a common benign transient pustular eruption seen in the newborn period. History ■ Erythema toxicum neonatorum occurs more commonly in healthy term infants than in premature and low birth weight infants.…
Infantile Hemangiomas Description ■ Infantile hemangiomas are benign red, purple, or blue vascular neoplasms occurring within the first year of life; they consist of proliferating endothelial-like cells. ■ Terms such as strawberry hemangioma and cavernous hemangioma should be discarded because…
Acquired Melanocytic Nevi (Moles) Description ■ Acquired melanocytic nevi are common benign skin tumors composed of melanocyte-derived nevus cells. History ■ Acquired melanocytic nevi are more common in whites than Asians and Africans. ■ Numbers of acquired melanocytic nevi peak…
Sun-Damaged Skin, Actinic-Damaged Skin, and Photoaging Description ■ Sun-damaged skin is easily recognizable and shows specific skin findings, resulting from damage due to ultraviolet radiation (UVR). History ■ Acute exposure to UVR results in sunburn and is especially caused by…
Dermatitis Herpetiformis Description ■ Dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) is a chronic pruritic vesicular rash commonly occurring on the extensor surfaces and is a manifestation of gluten sensitivity. History ■ In adults, DH is twice as common in males. ■ In children,…
Erythema Multiforme Description ■ Erythema multiforme is a relatively common, acute—often recurrent—inflammatory disease characterized by target-shaped skin lesions. History ■ Commonly, erythema multiforme is associated with herpes simplex, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and upper respiratory tract infections, although erythema multiforme may be…
Nonspecific Viral Rash Description ■ An exanthem is a rash that occurs as a sign of a systemic disease. A viral exanthem is a rash that arises because of a viral infection. ■ Most viruses produce similar rashes, leading to…
Candidiasis (Moniliasis) Description ■ Candida albicans and a few other Candida species are capable of producing skin and mucous membrane infections. ■ The organism lives among the normal flora of the mouth, vaginal tract, and lower gastrointestinal tract. ■ Candida…
Psoriasis Description ■ Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory disorder caused in large part by abnormal T-lymphocyte function. ■ Pink to red papules and plaques with thick white scale may be localized or widespread, involving the scalp, elbows, and knees.…