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Left ventricular (LV) pseudoaneurysm is a rare but serious complication of myocardial infarction (MI), cardiac surgery, trauma, and infection. Medical treatment alone is frequently not effective and is associated with as much as 50% mortality. Until recently, the recommended treatment…
Surgical valve replacement is frequently required in patients with severe native valve disorders not amenable to valve repair. Until recently, valve replacement invariably required open-heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. This major surgery was associated with morbidity, mortality, long hospital stays,…
Aortic dissection (AD) is a form of acute aortic syndrome (AAS). This syndrome encompasses several life-threatening clinical entities with overlapping features, including acute onset of chest pain, disruption of the aortic wall media, and a need for urgent medical care…
Acknowledgment The authors would like to acknowledge the contribution of Dr. Paul A. Tunick, who was one of the authors for this chapter in the previous edition. Nearly 150 years ago, P.L. Panum suggested that atherosclerotic material within the aorta…
Acknowledgments The authors acknowledge the contributions of Drs. Amr E. Abbas, MD, and Steven J. Lester, MD, who were the authors of this chapter in the previous edition. Left Ventricular Thrombus With Impaired Left Ventricular Function Thrombus formation within the…
Effusive constrictive pericarditis is the least common of the pericardial constraint syndromes. It is defined as the persistence of elevated intracardiac pressure after pericardiocentesis for pericardial tamponade. It was first recognized in the 1920s and 1930s when surgical pericardiectomy became…
Acknowledgment The authors acknowledge the American Society of Echocardiography for allowing us to reproduce Figs. 122.1 to 122.3 . Constrictive pericarditis (CP) is a relatively rare disorder in which the stiff, poorly compliant pericardium interferes with ventricular filling, causing elevation…
Acknowledgments The authors acknowledge the coauthors of the preceding editions of the chapter on pericardial tamponade—Drs. Richard Kutnick, R. Parker Ward, and Roberto M. Lang—for providing the structure for the current update and the included echocardiography and Doppler illustrations. Normal…
Tricuspid Stenosis Cause Tricuspid stenosis (TS) is the least common stenotic valvulopathy. TS is most commonly the result of rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Isolated involvement of the tricuspid valve (TV) is seen in congenital TS or in carcinoid heart disease.…
Echocardiography is the modality of choice for the diagnosis of mitral stenosis (MS). The joint American Society of Echocardiography and European Association of Echocardiography guidelines for native valvular stenosis feature an exhaustive review of echocardiographic methods for quantitative assessment of…