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Introduction During anesthesia for a thoracic surgical procedure, many alterations in physiology occur, including changes in oxygenation and ventilation. Whether the patient is receiving monitored anesthesia care (MAC), regional anesthesia, or general anesthesia, it is essential that the anesthesiologist monitor…
Overview Under normal physiologic conditions, the upper airway adds heat and moisture to inspired air to prevent drying of lower airway secretions, plugging, and mucosal injury. When dry medical gases bypass the upper airway via an endotracheal tube, the normal…