Tag Babak Maghdoori

Anatomy, embryology, pathophysiology ◼ Jaundice refers to the clinical sign of hyperbilirubinemia (>2.5 mg/dL), often manifesting with yellowing of the cutaneous surfaces, sclerae conjunctiva, and oral mucosa. ◼ Largely subdivided into nonobstructive (prehepatic and hepatic etiologies) and obstructive (posthepatic etiologies).…

Anatomy, embryology, pathophysiology ◼ The gallbladder (GB) is a pear shaped musculomembranous structure, lying along the hepatic undersurface, functioning as a reservoir to accumulate bile (~30–50 mL). ◼ Embryologically, the GB develops from a diverticulum outpouching in the caudal portion…