KEY FACTS Terminology Endometriosis: Ectopic endometrial glands outside of uterine cavity Endometrioma: Cystic collection of mixed blood products You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

KEY FACTS Terminology Complex heterogenous syndrome of ovulatory dysfunction, menstrual irregularity, and androgen excess Rotterdam criteria for polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) developed in 2003: 2 of 3 criteria must be present Oligo- or anovulation Hyperandrogenism (clinical or biochemical) Polycystic ovarian morphology (by US) You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member.…

KEY FACTS Terminology Mature cystic teratoma (MCT) = dermoid cyst Immature teratoma Monodermal teratoma in which 1 cell line predominates You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

KEY FACTS Terminology Mucinous epithelial neoplasm, which can be benign (mucinous cystadenoma), borderline (low malignant potential), or malignant (mucinous cystadenocarcinoma) You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

KEY FACTS Terminology Serous epithelial neoplasm, which can be benign (serous cystadenoma), borderline (low malignant potential), or malignant (serous cystadenocarcinoma) You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

KEY FACTS Terminology Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) Clinical syndrome generally associated with ovulation induction You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

KEY FACTS Terminology Hemorrhage into functional cyst in ovarian parenchyma You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

KEY FACTS Terminology Follicular cyst (FC) forms from persistent follicle, ovulation does not occur Corpus luteum cyst (CLC) forms from graafian follicle following ovulation You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

KEY FACTS You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

KEY FACTS Terminology Polymicrobial infection resulting from ascending spread of organisms from cervix or from incision into uterus You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

KEY FACTS Imaging Transvaginal sonography study of choice for initial work-up of abnormal vaginal bleeding Endometrial thickening: Focal more suspicious than diffuse Polypoid masses with internal color flow Mixed echogenicity, ± necrosis Can invade myometrium, cervix, parametrial structures Disruption of endometrial-myometrial interface and subendometrial halo suggests myometrial invasion Hematometros if tumor obstructs cavity or cervix Multiple feeding vessels on color Doppler Saline-infusion sonohysterography useful to differentiate…

KEY FACTS Terminology Focal hyperplastic overgrowth of endometrial tissue You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

KEY FACTS Terminology Hematometrocolpos: Distension of uterus and vagina by accumulated blood secondary to obstruction Hematometra: Distension of uterine cavity by blood products Hematocolpos: Distension of vagina by blood products You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

KEY FACTS Terminology Müllerian duct anomalies (MDA): Series of uterine malformations resulting from abnormal development, fusion, or resorption of müllerian ducts MDA types Müllerian agenesis or hypoplasia Unicornuate uterus Uterus didelphys Bicornuate uterus Septate uterus Arcuate uterus Ovaries are not involved You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in…

KEY FACTS Terminology Benign smooth muscle neoplasm of uterus Synonym: Fibroid You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

KEY FACTS Terminology Ectopic endometrial tissue within myometrium with adjacent smooth muscle hyperplasia You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

KEY FACTS Imaging Soft tissue mass in cervix: Hypoechoic or isoechoic ± necrosis Hydro- or hematometra from cervical obstruction Mass extending into upper vagina MR is best modality for local staging and planning of radiation therapy Tumor: Intermediate- to high-signal mass replacing dark cervical stroma on T2-weighted sequences Accuracy superior to FIGO staging for size, parametrial extension, lymph nodes Parametrial invasion: Accuracy: 88-97%, specificity: 93%, negative…

KEY FACTS Terminology Mucus-filled cystic dilatation of endocervical gland Tunnel cluster: Type of nabothian cyst characterized by complex multicystic dilatation of endocervical glands You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

GROSS ANATOMY Overview Ovaries located in true pelvis, although exact position variable Only pelvic organ entirely inside peritoneal sac Laxity in ligaments allows some mobility Location affected by parity, bladder filling, ovarian size, and uterine size/position Located within ovarian fossa in nulliparous women – Lateral pelvic sidewall below bifurcation of common iliac vessels – Anterior to ureter – Posterior to broad ligament Position more variable in…

TERMINOLOGY Abbreviations Vaginal artery (VA), uterine artery (UA) GROSS ANATOMY Overview Muscular tube formed by smooth muscle and elastic connective fibers Serves as excretory duct for uterus, female organ for copulation, and part of birth canal Extends up and back from vestibule of external genitalia to surround cervix of uterus Has anterior and posterior walls, normally in apposition, with longer posterior wall Superiorly, cervix projects downward…