Introduction Addiction to drugs of abuse is a chronically relapsing disorder characterized by a compulsion to take the drug, loss of control of intake, and the development of a negative emotional state when drug access is withheld. Initiation of drug…
Acknowledgments Dr. Leggio’s work is supported by National Institutes of Health (NIH) intramural funding ZIA-AA000218 ( Section on Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology ), and jointly supported by the Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research of the National Institute on…
Introduction Early demonstrations that drugs could serve as reinforcers, maintaining operant behavior in laboratory animals, led to the development of a model of human substance use disorder ( Box 6.1 ). The traditional self-administration model was developed within a behavioral…
Acknowledgments We thank Corinne Lim for her expert contribution to the literature and cross-checking of the citations to the literature. Introduction Diagnosis and classification are ways in which we make sense of our clinical and epidemiological observations and help communicate…
Acknowledgments The research and writing of this article were partially supported by a grant from the National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Drug Abuse, entitled “Current Smokers: A Phenomenological Inquiry” (R01 DA015707–01A2) and a grant from the Engelhard Foundation,…
Introduction The United States federal government takes an active role in setting and implementing drug-control policy, directly and in concert with state and local authorities and with international partners—even as the other polities’ policies may be widely at variance with…
What Is Epidemiology? The field of epidemiology involves investigation of the distribution and determinants of health conditions in populations or population subgroups. Epidemiological investigations fall under two common domains: descriptive and analytic. Descriptive epidemiological studies provide estimates of the incidence…
Introduction This chapter addresses a few issues that are emerging as critical health issues with substance use perspectives. First, there is a brief review of the epidemiology of substance use; this is linked to the growing problem of prescription drug…