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Histochemical Staining Techniques Most histological stains are dyes which, when applied to tissues, form a chemical bond with proteins within the tissues. Staining tissue sections is essential to differentiate between the different cells and tissues on the slide, permitting examination…
Preparation of a Glass Slide Histology is about looking at structure, and in this introductory section we aim to provide some guidelines to assist the absolute beginner in examining and interpreting the images in this book. Examination of any biological…
Introduction The organs of special sense are sophisticated sensory structures in which the specific neural receptors are incorporated in a non-neural structure which enhances and refines the reception of incoming stimuli. The eye and the audiovestibular apparatus of the ear…
The central nervous system (CNS) consists of the brain and spinal cord and is composed of neurones , neuronal processes, supporting cells of the CNS ( glial cells ) and blood vessels. The CNS is invested with meninges and is…
Introduction The female reproductive system has six major functions: Production of female gametes, the ova , by the process of oogenesis Reception of male gametes, the spermatozoa Provision of a suitable environment for the fertilisation of ova by spermatozoa Provision…
Introduction The male reproductive system is responsible for the production of spermatozoa and their delivery into the female reproductive tract and may be divided into four major functional components: The testes or male gonads, paired organs lying in the scrotal…
Introduction The endocrine system is responsible for the synthesis and secretion of chemical messengers known as hormones . Hormones may be disseminated throughout the body by the bloodstream, where they may act on specific target organs or affect a wide…
Introduction The principal function of the urinary system is the maintenance of water, electrolyte and acid–base homeostasis , which requires that any input into the system is balanced by an equivalent output. The kidney provides the mechanism by which excess…