1 What is the basic normal vascular anatomy of the brain? Arterial The cerebral vasculature is supplied by 4 arterial vessels—the paired internal carotid arteries (ICA) and the vertebral arteries (VA)—and can be divided into anterior and posterior circulations. The…
1 List the indications for percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) ( Figure 73-1 ). To relieve obstruction in the setting of infection or to preserve renal function. To assist in the removal of a calculus or foreign body. To divert urine to…
1 What are the indications for percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage? Percutaneous biliary drainage is indicated for the treatment of cholangitis or pruritus related to hyperbilirubinemia in the setting of benign or malignant obstructive biliary disease. Biliary drainage may also be…
1 Describe embolotherapy and some of its indications. Embolotherapy is temporary or permanent vascular occlusion induced by the intravascular administration of materials via a percutaneous route. Embolization has various clinical applications, including control of bleeding; treatment of vascular malformations; and…
1 What is the appropriate landmark for a femoral artery puncture? Some risks of arteriography can be minimized by properly selecting the puncture site. Above the inguinal canal, the common femoral artery becomes the external iliac artery and dives posteriorly.…
Endovascular Aneurysm Repair (EVAR) 1 What is the basic composition of a stent graft? A stent graft is composed of a metallic stent structure covered by a medical-grade fabric. The stents are typically made from stainless steel or nitinol (nickel…
1 What are the major indications for image-guided percutaneous needle biopsy? Image-guided percutaneous needle biopsy (IPNB) is an established, effective nonsurgical procedure that is performed in selected patients to obtain a pathologic diagnosis or to guide appropriate patient management. Indications…
1 What is an inferior vena cava (IVC) filter? An IVC filter is a device inserted percutaneously into the IVC designed to prevent pulmonary emboli (PE) originating from lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and to maintain caval patency. 2…
1 What are the characteristics of a diagnostic catheter? Catheters may be selected for a specific application based on many characteristics ( Figure 66-1 ). Although there are numerous catheters, experience and personal preference play a large role in the…
1 What is the purpose of sedation and pain management during an interventional radiology procedure? The purpose is to enable a patient to tolerate a potentially painful procedure yet still maintain satisfactory cardiopulmonary function and the ability to cooperate with…