Introduction Ulnar neuropathy is relatively common and occurs either following an acute trauma or in the setting of a chronic compression of the nerve. In fact, ulnar nerve pathology is the most common reason for hospitalization compared with all other…
Introduction The rapidly expanding field of peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) brings with it a tremendous, but still evolving, potential for treating chronic upper extremity neuropathic pain that is often refractory to standard therapies and results in significant suffering and impaired…
Introduction The limited osseous stability of the shoulder allows for its extensive range of motion but makes the strength of the joint largely dependent on the musculotendinous rotator cuff. The complexity of the ligaments, tendons, and cartilaginous tissue that provide…
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Introduction Trigeminal neuropathic pain (TNP) is a commonly encountered condition that involves patients of all demographic backgrounds and presents a major burden to patients, their families, treating physicians, and society as a whole. Arising from dysfunction of trigeminal sensory system,…
Introduction Primary headache disorders are classified mainly as migraine, tension-type headaches, and the trigeminal autonomic cephalgias, which include cluster headaches. “Primary” refers to a lack of clear underlying causative pathology, trauma, or systemic disease. Secondary headaches are usually associated with…
Introduction Peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) involves placing a small electrical device proximal to peripheral nerves. Prior to proceeding with a PNS trial, it is imperative that the patient receive proper education regarding the device, expectations, and complications, in addition to…
Preoperative Considerations Preoperative work-up for peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) is similar to that for other advanced implantable procedures such as spinal cord stimulation (SCS). This includes an informed consent discussion with the patient about the different treatment options (including device…
Peripheral Nerve Stimulator Configurations Peripheral nerves can be nonspecifically and specifically targeted for neuromodulation via a variety of configurations. These range from transcutaneous stimulation to partially implanted systems, to fully implanted electrode/receivers with external generators, to fully implanted electrodes and…
Introduction Peripheral nerve stimulation has been around since the early 1960s. These early stimulators were placed under direct visualization during an open surgical procedure. While the results were promising, the obvious disadvantages of having to place stimulators with open surgery…