Acknowledgments The authors would like to acknowledge the valuable contributions of the late Dr. Martin S. Wolfe to this chapter. Abstract Infection with Entamoeba histolytica is a leading parasitic cause of morbidity and mortality in developing nations and is an…
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Abstract Primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) is an acute, progressive, and usually fatal condition caused by the free-living ameba Naegleria fowleri . Commonly referred to as the “brain-eating ameba,” N. fowleri is naturally found in warm freshwater (e.g., lakes, rivers, and…
Abstract Leptospirosis is the most common zoonosis worldwide and has recently emerged as an important travel-related infection, particularly in adventure travelers to the tropics and subtropics. Characteristic symptoms may include fever, headache, myalgias, jaundice, and conjunctival suffusion, but this disease…
Abstract Lyme disease, caused by infection with spirochetes of the Borrelia burgdorferi complex, is the most common arthropod-borne infection in the United States. The spirochetes are transmitted to humans by bites of infected ticks of the Ixodes ricinus complex, which…
Acknowledgments I want to thank the companies of Baxter, Novartis, Pfizer, and GSK for providing information including data and graphics. In particular, Dr. Dieter Gniel was very helpful in sharing his vast experience on TBE. Abstract For a long time,…
Abstract Before 1999, West Nile virus (WNV) received little attention outside Africa, Asia, and Europe, where it caused an endemic, mosquito-borne febrile illness and sporadic encephalitis. After the dramatic emergence of WNV in New York City in 1999, the virus…
Abstract Arboviruses are transmitted to humans primarily through the bites of arthropod vectors such as mosquitoes, ticks, and sandflies. Half of the world’s population live in areas endemic for arboviruses, which cause significant morbidity and mortality in both developed and…
Acknowledgment The author acknowledges the work of Kis Robertson, Nina Marano, and Katherine J. Johnson on this chapter in the previous edition. Abstract Rabies has been recognized as a source of great human suffering and fear since ancient times. Characterized…
Acknowledgment The authors acknowledge the work of Michael James Babineaux and Miriam J. Alter on this chapter in the previous edition. Abstract Viral hepatitis is caused by infection with five distinctly different human viruses that cannot be distinguished from one…