Abstract In the early 20th century, poliomyelitis was one of the most feared illnesses of humans, in part because it affected previously healthy individuals with little or no warning and could result in devastating paralysis. Although the disease was once…
Acknowledgment The author acknowledges Anjali N. Kunz for contributions to the previous edition. Abstract Neisseria meningitidis is both a commensal organism of the upper respiratory tract and a significant pathogen for humans. It causes devastating disease with significant morbidity and…
Abstract Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is a gram-positive encapsulated bacterium that causes significant morbidity and mortality across all age groups. S. pneumoniae can be carried asymptomatically in the nasopharynx, and it can cause a wide range of diseases from upper respiratory…
Abstract Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) was a leading cause of bacterial sepsis and meningitis in children before the widespread availability of conjugate vaccines. Globally, the burden and incidence of Hib disease has dramatically declined with increases in vaccine uptake.…
Abstract Despite the availability of vaccines against pertussis in most developed and developing countries, pertussis remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide due to immunity following vaccination and clinical disease waning with time. Routine use of pertussis vaccines…
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Acknowledgment The author acknowledges ChrisAnna M. Mink for her contribution on this chapter in the previous edition. The assertions expressed herein are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Uniformed Services University…