Introduction to vascular malformations In 1982, Mulliken and Glowacki proposed a biologic classification of vascular birthmarks that has become widely accepted. It was modified slightly in 1996 by the International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies (ISSVA). Two major…
Infantile hemangioma Infantile hemangioma (IH) is the most common vascular tumor encountered during early infancy. It is a benign proliferation of endothelial cells that characteristically undergoes a phase of rapid growth followed by slow spontaneous involution. Although large population-based studies…
Introduction In this chapter, a number of non-related entities will be discussed. They appear grouped by convenience, and represent a heterogeneous group of genetic and acquired diseases with a common ground of an immunologic pathophysiology. Several disorders appear to represent…
Introduction The term ‘inherited disorders of cornification’ covers a wide range of genetic conditions with molecular defects that preclude the formation of a normal epidermis. The term is usually considered to include entities divided on morphological grounds into ichthyoses, follicular…
Erythrodermas The term ‘erythroderma’ is used in dermatology to describe a skin eruption characterized by diffuse erythema, usually in association with scaling. Infantile erythroderma is caused by or associated with a large number of disorders ( Box 18.1 ). The…
Introduction Eruptions in the diaper region have diverse origins. This chapter will review eruptions, both common and uncommon, that have major findings in the diaper area not only in neonates but also in young infants ( Box 17.1 ). Many…
Papulosquamous disorders Psoriasis Introduction Psoriasis is a chronic, inflammatory papulosquamous disease with an estimated prevalence of 1% in children. Pediatric psoriasis is subdivided into congenital, infantile, and childhood, defined as psoriasis presenting at birth, in the first year of life,…
Introduction Eczematous eruptions represent a significant proportion of the skin diseases affecting neonates and infants. Clinically they are characterized by erythema, edema, scale, and sometimes crusts. The most common disorder is atopic dermatitis (AD) and, in fact, the term ‘eczema’…
Fungal infections Infections caused by fungi and yeasts are common in neonates and infants. Among the most frequent are Candida infections such as thrush and diaper dermatitis. More extensive manifestations, such as congenital and systemic candidiasis, are much less common.…
Introduction Viral infections can induce a remarkable variety of cutaneous manifestations in the neonate and toddler. The clinical manifestations of any viral infection are influenced by the virulence, tissue tropism, and age at which the infection is acquired. Infections may…