The term gastroenteritis denotes inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, most commonly the result of infections with bacterial, viral, or parasitic pathogens ( Tables 366.1 to 366.3 ). Many of these infections are foodborne illnesses ( Table 366.4 ). Several clinical…
The introduction of tacrolimus and the development of the abdominal multiorgan procurement techniques allowed the tailoring of various types of intestine grafts that can contain other intraabdominal organs, such as the liver, pancreas, and stomach. The understanding that the liver…
All disorders of malabsorption are associated with diminished intestinal absorption of one or more dietary nutrients. Malabsorption can result from a defect in the nutrient digestion in the intestinal lumen or from defective mucosal absorption. Malabsorption disorders can be categorized…
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The term inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is used to represent 2 distinctive disorders of idiopathic chronic intestinal inflammation: Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis. Their respective etiologies are poorly understood, and both disorders are characterized by unpredictable exacerbations and remissions. The…
Peptic ulcer disease, resulting from inflammation caused by an imbalance between cytoprotective and cytotoxic factors in the stomach and duodenum, manifests with varying degrees of gastritis or frank ulceration. The pathogenesis of peptic ulcer disease is multifactorial, but the final…
Foreign Bodies in the Stomach and Intestine Asim Maqbool Chris A. Liacouras Once in the stomach, 95% of all ingested objects pass without difficulty through the remainder of the gastrointestinal tract. Perforation after ingestion of a foreign body is estimated to be…
Ileus Asim Maqbool Chris A Liacouras Ileus is the failure of intestinal peristalsis caused by loss of coordinated gut motility without evidence of mechanical obstruction. In children, it is most often associated with abdominal surgery or infection (gastroenteritis, pneumonia, peritonitis). Ileus also…
Chronic Intestinal Pseudoobstruction Asim Maqbool Kristin N. Fiorino Chris A. Liacouras Chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction (CIPO) comprises a group of primary and secondary disorders characterized as a motility disorder with the dominant defect of impaired peristalsis; symptoms are consistent with intestinal obstruction in the…
Intestinal Duplication Asim Maqbool Chris A. Liacouras Duplications of the intestinal tract are rare anomalies that consist of well-formed tubular or spherical structures firmly attached to the intestine with a common blood supply. The lining of the duplications resembles that of the…