Key Points Incidence/Epidemiology Exposure to events capable of causing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is the rule rather than the exception. Life-time incidence of exposure to events causing PTSD is greater than 50%. However, development of PTSD following a traumatic event…
Key Points Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and obsessive-compulsive-related disorders (OCRDs) now comprise an independent disease category within the DSM-5, as OCD is no longer classified as an anxiety disorder. OCRDs include hoarding disorder (HD), and three body-focused disorders: body dysmorphic disorder…
Key Points Incidence Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent mental health problem in the US, and are associated with marked distress and functional impairments in multiple domains. Epidemiology/Pathophysiology The pathogenesis of anxiety disorders likely resides in the interaction of innate…
Key Points Epidemiology Pregnancy does not protect against psychiatric disorders. Clinical Findings A growing amount of information exists regarding the course of psychiatric illness during pregnancy and the reproductive safety of psychotropic medications. Complications With the exception of one anticonvulsant,…
Key Points Incidence The lifetime prevalence of bipolar disorders is approximately 2%. Epidemiology Bipolar disorder is associated with significant morbidity, including functional impairment, as well as significant risk for suicide. Clinical Findings Diagnosis of bipolar disorder rests on establishing current…
Key Points Incidence The annual incidence of major depressive disorder (MDD) is approximately 3%, and the average duration of an episode of MDD is 30 weeks. Epidemiology MDD is a prevalent disorder, with a global point prevalence of approximately 5%.…
Key Points Schizophrenia is a clinical diagnosis that is based on a combination of characteristic symptoms of sufficient severity (in the absence of other factors that would account for them) that typically begins in adolescence or early adulthood. Even if…
Key Points Incidence Depending on the drug used and the clinical setting, up to 50% of patients in mental-health treatment will have a co-occurring substance-use disorder. Epidemiology Substance abuse is a major public health problem that affects a large number…
Key Points Incidence Alcohol misuse is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the US. Epidemiology The highest rates of alcohol use, heavy binge use, and alcohol use disorders occur between the ages of 18 and 29…
Key Points Incidence Factitious disorder and malingering are uncommon syndromes that involve voluntary symptom production and deception of medical providers. Pathophysiology Factitious disorder involves the conscious production of symptoms with the primary motivation of assuming the sick role. Clinical findings…