Key Points 1. Cardiac arrhythmias are common and result from an ectopic focus or a reentry circuit. 2. Surgical and catheter-based ablative therapies can abolish the origins of arrhythmias by interposition of scar tissue along the reentrant pathway or by…
Key Points 1. The cardiac catheterization laboratory has evolved from a purely diagnostic facility to a therapeutic one in which many facets of cardiovascular disease can be effectively modified or treated. 2. Guidelines for diagnostic cardiac catheterization have established indications,…
Key Points 1. Multivariate modeling has been used to develop risk indices that focus on preoperative variables, intraoperative variables, or both. 2. Key predictors of perioperative risk are dependent on the type of cardiac operation and the outcome of interest.…