Key Points Laboratory results must undergo a two-step postanalytic review for analytic correctness (using delta checks, linearity ranges, etc.) and for clinical significance for the patient (applying critical values, reference ranges, pretest and posttest probability, etc.). Reference intervals are most…
Key Points Point-of-care testing refers to the scope of laboratory tests that are performed where patient care is delivered. This includes physician office testing as well as various hospital locations outside the laboratory, such as the emergency department, operating room,…
Key Points Laboratory testing has undergone revolutionary changes over the past decade. Typically, all routine chemistry and hematology testing is completely automated. Automated solutions are available for preanalytic, analytic, and postanalytic stages of laboratory testing. The degree of automation implemented…
Key Points Mass spectrometry can identify and quantify analytes in human fluids and tissues. Mass spectrometry is based on volatilizing samples and ionizing the analytes of interest, which can then be identified from their times of flight (TOF) or in…
Key Points Many analytic determinations made in clinical laboratories are based on measurements of radiant energy that is absorbed or transmitted. The devices used to measure absorbed or transmitted light energy are photometers and spectrophotometers. The basic components of spectrophotometers…
Key Points Errors and variables in the preanalysis stage can affect test results. Patient variables include physical activity, diet, age, sex, circadian variations, posture, stress, obesity, smoking, and medication. Strict adherence to proper technique and site selection can minimize collection…
Key Points An effective testing process requires integration of preanalytic, analytic, and postanalytic steps. An understanding of workflow is a fundamental prerequisite to any performance optimization strategy. A variety of techniques should be used to collect workflow data. These include…
Key Points Effective laboratory management requires leaders to provide direction and managers to get things done. Strategic planning, marketing, human resource management, financial management, and quality management are all key elements of a laboratory organization. Most laboratory errors occur in…