Introduction Spinal neoplasms are divided into three groups based on their anatomic locations: extradural, extramedullary-intradural, and intramedullary tumors ( Fig. 30-1 ). Extradural tumors include masses in the bones, disks, and paraspinal soft tissues. The majority of spinal tumors (60%)…
Introduction Acute and chronic low back pain is a ubiquitous complaint encountered by primary care physicians throughout the United States, accounting for the second most common symptomatic reason for office visits. Low back pain is the leading cause of disability…
Imaging studies play a central role in the diagnosis of spinal trauma. The biomechanics, natural history, and treatment methods differ significantly in cervical and thoracolumbar injuries and are therefore addressed separately in this chapter. Multiple classification systems have been developed…
Introduction Most noninfectious inflammatory diseases of the spinal cord are autoimmune in nature. Although the number of autoimmune diseases affecting the spinal cord is large, their clinical imaging manifestations are limited, and with few exceptions the most common presentation is…
Introduction The old adage that “children are not young adults” is certainly true when evaluating pediatric head and neck lesions. The differential diagnosis of neck masses differs compared to masses that arise in adults. The most common pediatric head and…
Imaging of the larynx is a challenge. Motion is a constant problem because breathing and swallowing are very difficult to control, particularly in patients with lesions that impinge on the airway. The patient's larynx moves slightly with each breath. Despite…
Classification Cancer of the head and neck, which includes cancers of the larynx, nasal passages and nose, oral cavity, pharynx, salivary glands, buccal regions, and thyroid, is the sixth most frequent cancer worldwide. Neck masses can be grouped into two…
Imaging Options and Protocols Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are the primary imaging modalities for assessment of the paranasal sinuses. Both these imaging techniques are far superior to plain radiographs in the evaluation of the sinonasal cavities.…
Introduction The pharynx is a fibromuscular tube situated directly anterior to the vertebral column. It extends from the skull base to the lower border of the cricoid cartilage. It comprises a group of six muscles that are predominantly responsible for…
Embryology and Development of Temporal Bone The ear consists of three major components, the external, middle, and internal ear. Embryologically the ear has a dual development with development of the inner ear structures (internal auditory canal [IAC], cochlea, vestibule, and…