Atrial Septal Defect Closure Aside from the bicuspid aortic valve, an atrial septal defect (ASD) is the most common congenital cardiac anomaly in adults with an approximate prevalence of 1 per 1000 individuals. This chapter focuses on echocardiographic imaging during…
Surgical valve replacement is frequently required in patients with severe native valve disorders not amenable to valve repair. Until recently, valve replacement invariably required open-heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. This major surgery was associated with morbidity, mortality, long hospital stays,…
Mitral valve (MV) disease is the most prevalent form of valvular disease worldwide. Moderate to severe and severe native mitral regurgitation (MR) are the most prevalent forms of significant valvular disease in the developed countries. In 2006, it was estimated…
Acknowledgments The authors gratefully acknowledge Julia Grapsa, MD, PhD; Ilias D. Koutsogeorgis, MD; Petros Nihoyannopoulos, MD; and Ferande Peters, MD, who were the authors of this chapter in the previous edition. The percutaneous mitral edge-to-edge repair is based on the…
Mitral stenosis (MS) is the most common form of rheumatic valve disease and produces significant disability, particularly in young and middle-aged adults. , Patients with severe MS usually develop fatigue, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and thromboembolism. Of the many causes…
Acknowledgments We thank Drs. Linda D. Gillam, Konstantinos Koulogiannis, and Leo Marcoff for their contributions to the previous edition of this chapter. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has emerged as a new option for the treatment of patients with severe…
Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank Drs. Itzhak Kronzon, Robert J. Siegel, Hezzy Shmueli, and Neil L. Coplan for their contributions to the previous editions this chapter. Heart and Pericardium There are many well-described typical cardiac tumors (both primary…
Acknowledgment The authors wish to acknowledge the late Ronald G. Victor, MD, PhD, for his creative insight, mentorship, and focus without which a seminal work of research that greatly contributed to this publication would not be possible. Cocaine use is…
During normal pregnancy, the maternal cardiovascular system undergoes significant hemodynamic changes to ensure an uncomplicated pregnancy and a healthy fetus. Evaluation of these changes needs precise and safe diagnostic modalities. Echocardiography is the modality of choice to evaluate cardiac structure…
Cardiac toxicity by chemotherapeutic drugs was first described more than 50 years ago after the introduction of daunomycin, an anthracycline, as an antimitotic agent. The early recognition of heart failure as a side effect of anthracyclines led oncologists to limit…