ASE’s Comprehensive Echocardiography

Transthoracic Echocardiography Tomographic Views

This chapter describes the main set of echocardiographic images that should be obtained for standardization and facilitation of image interpretation. Standard examination images are acquired from several transducer positions on the chest wall. Each window, angulation, and rotation of the…

Technical Quality and Tips

Acknowledgment The authors acknowledge the valuable input and suggestions offered by Dr. Andy Pellett, PhD, RDCS, who reviewed this chapter. Optimizing Two-Dimensional Images The most commonly used controls for optimizing two-dimensional (2D) images are summarized in Table 8.1 . These…

Clinical Utility of Global Longitudinal Strain

In the past two decades, two-dimensional speckle-tracking global longitudinal strain (GLS) has become one of the most important new echocardiographic parameters for the assessment of cardiac diseases. Indeed, it has been widely demonstrated that GLS provides reliable and early information…

Tissue Doppler, Myocardial Work: Physics and Techniques

Tissue Doppler Imaging Doppler shifts within the heart return either from moving red blood cells or moving myocardial tissue. Blood flow is high velocity; therefore, pulsed-wave Doppler assessment requires backscatter of high velocities and low amplitudes. In comparison, tissue Doppler…

Doppler Principles

Echocardiography provides noninvasive, real-time, diagnostic cardiac anatomic imaging (see Chapter 1 ) and motion and flow information. In the present context, the motion and flow are myocardial motion of contraction and relaxation and the resulting flow of blood, respectively. Motion…

Three-Dimensional Echocardiography

The milestone in the history of three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) has been the development of fully sampled matrix-array transthoracic transducers based on advanced digital processing and improved image formation algorithms that allowed the operators to obtain on-cart transthoracic real-time volumetric imaging…

General Principles of Echocardiography

Echocardiography is diagnostic imaging with ultrasound (sonography) of the heart. Sonography comes from the Latin sonus (sound) and the Greek graphein (to write). Diagnostic sonography is medical, real-time, two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) anatomic, motion, and flow imaging using ultrasound.…