Neurologic complications of imaging examinations and image-guided procedures are varied and largely related to excessive or inappropriate use of ionizing radiation-based imaging studies, local complications of the invasive procedure, complications related to exposure to high magnetic fields, or complications arising…
Introduction A functional neurologic disorder (FND) is any type of neurologic disorder that arises from dysfunction of the brain when normal function is possible. The name of this disorder has changed over the years. Previously called hysteria and conversion disorder…
Sleep disorders commonly occur in patients who present to neurologists. At times, symptoms are obvious, such as insomnia or excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). However, some patients have serious sleep disorders, such as sleep apnea, that are often not readily apparent…
The systemic inflammatory disorders discussed in this chapter can manifest with diverse neurologic syndromes due to central, peripheral, and autonomic nervous system involvement. These presentations can be in isolation or coincident, sequential or simultaneous. Patients can also develop neurologic syndromes…
Sarcoidosis was first described in 1877 by Sir Jonathan Hutchinson as a disease of the skin. At the turn of the century, Caesar Boeck termed the disease multiple benign sarkoid , because of its histologic similarity to sarcoma, and from…
Infectious diseases have historically been the major cause of human morbidity and mortality, and vaccinations have added immeasurably to human health by preventing them. The benefits of vaccinations have not come without some costs, and rare adverse effects of vaccines…
Chronic meningitis is a challenging condition in which the etiology often eludes the treating physician. There are a multitude of potential causes that span several specialties, sometimes leading to input from colleagues in neurology, internal medicine, infectious diseases, rheumatology, immunology,…
Protozoans and helminths are responsible for a significant burden of human disease, disproportionately affecting resource-limited countries worldwide. These agents are collectively referred to as parasites, implying dependence on an adversely affected host, but in this context they are no different…
Recognition of fungal infections of the central nervous system (CNS) is increasing in frequency due to the growing population of immunocompromised patients and improvements in diagnostic techniques. Published information on the diagnosis and treatment of these diverse infections ranges from…
Advances in solid organ and hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) have revolutionized the treatment of many previously fatal diseases. Immunologic and procedural innovations in tandem with the development of new immunosuppressive agents have increased the number, type, and durability of these…