1 What is the leading cause of death in children in the United States? Traumatic injuries cause more death and disability in children from ages 1 to 18 years than all other causes combined. Unintentional injury accounts for 65% of…
1 Where do burn injuries occur? Eighty percent of burn-related injuries occur in the home, mostly in low-income, multifamily dwellings. 2 Who is at risk of suffering burns? The incidence of burn injuries and deaths in the United States is…
1 How are hand fractures and hand injuries splinted? Immobilization should include splinting the joint above and below the injury. For example, a splint for a metacarpal fracture includes the wrist and metacarpal phalangeal (MCP) joints. 2 Name commonly used…
1 What is the overall treatment goal in repairing facial fractures? Restoration of form and function to premorbid condition is the primary goal in treatment of facial fractures. In regards to midface and mandibular fractures, restoration of dental occlusion restores…
1 What distinguishes facial lacerations from other? After facial trauma, restoration of the appearance of the face is of the utmost concern. Successful primary closure of a facial laceration can be best achieved with irrigation, minimal debridement, gentle handling of…
1 What is the pathophysiology of extremity vascular injury? Peripheral arteries are composed of three layers: outer adventitia, central muscular, and inner endothelial, or intima. Trauma, either blunt or penetrating, can produce hemorrhage (from laceration or puncture), thrombosis (from intimal…
1 What are the causes of bladder injury? Bladder injury can be caused by trauma or iatrogenic manipulation. Traumatic bladder injuries can be classified as intraperitoneal or extraperitoneal, blunt or penetrating. The most common sign of bladder injury is gross…
1 What is the most common type of renal trauma in the United States, blunt or penetrating? Approximately 90% of renal injuries are caused by blunt mechanism in the United States. 2 Why are pediatric patients more susceptible to major…
1 What are the first steps in the evaluation and treatment of a patient with pelvic ring injuries? Severely injured patients with high-energy acute pelvic ring disruptions are at high risk of mortality from associated exsanguinating hemorrhage. Diagnostic workup strategies…
Colon Trauma 1 How do most colon injuries occur? Nearly all (>95%) colon injuries are caused by penetrating trauma from a gunshot, a stab wound, an iatrogenic injury, or a sexual injury. Blunt colonic trauma is rare and usually results…